Question: Was
Eve actually created from Adam’s rib? What is the meaning of the following
Hadith?
Allah’s Apostle said: Treat women nicely, for
a women is created from a rib, and the most curved portion of the rib is
its upper portion; so, if you should try to straighten it, it will break,
but if you leave it as it is, it will remain crooked. So treat women nicely.
(Bukhari, Kitab Ahadith al-ambiya)
Answer: According to the Qur’an,
Eve was not created from Adam’s rib. The first verse of Surah Nisa
explicitly states that the first man and woman (Adam and Eve) were created
directly by the Almighty:
O mankind! Fear your Lord who created you from
a single soul and of like nature his mate and from the two scattered [like
seeds] countless men and women. (4:1)
Some people translate this verse as ‘It
is he Who has created you from a single person (Adam) and then He created
from him his wife (Eve)’. They explain this verse by saying that Eve was
created from the rib of Adam. This misleading translation has probably
arisen because of the Arabic words khalaqa minha zawjaha, which
if literally translated mean ‘created from him [-- the initial soul--]
his wife’. Actually the word minha (from the soul) does not imply
that ‘Eve was made from Adam’; they rather imply that Eve was made from
the same species as Adam, meaning that both were human. A similar verse
points to this interpretation:
It is God who has made from your species your
mates. (16:72)
A literal translation of the words ja‘ala
lakum min anfusikum azwaja of the above quoted verse (which are very
similar to khalaqa minha zawjaha) would mean ‘it is God which has
created your mates from you’ implying that every wife is made from her
husband as Eve was. This of course is incorrect; the word anfus (plural
of nafs) in this verse means ‘genre’, ‘species’ and not ‘physical
being’.
As far as the Hadith you have
quoted is concerned, it needs to be appreciated that in Arabic the words
‘created from’ do not necessarily refer to the substance of creation; they
can also refer to the nature of something. For example the Qur’an says:
‘Man has been created from hastiness’, (21:37). This does not of course
mean that man’s substance is hastiness; it only refers to his nature.
Secondly, if all the texts of the
Hadith you have referred to are collected and analyzed, it becomes
evident that the Prophet (sws) has compared the nature of a woman with
a rib. The comparison subtly alludes to the fact that a woman’s nature
is very delicate and tender as well as a bit adamant. The Prophet (sws)
has advised men to treat them tactfully keeping in view this nature. Instead
of forcing them to accept a particular point of view which will only bring
out their obduracy, men should try to convince and persuade them.
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